Historical and Projection Simulations

The ICON historical and projection experiment consists of two simulations: a historical simulation covering 1990–2014 and a projection simulation covering 2015–2039 (SSP3-7.0, ongoing). The projection is a direct continuation of the historical simulation. Both the atmosphere and ocean use a horizontal grid resolution of 5km (public ICON grid id: R02B09).

Model	Spatial Resolution	Time	Realization	Experiment ID	DestinE Data Lake (bridge site)
ICON	5km atmosphere; 5km ocean	1990-2014	1	climatedt-gen2-icon-baseline-hist-5km-r1	LUMI data bridge
ICON	5km atmosphere; 5km ocean	2015–2039 (ongoing)	1	climatedt-gen2-icon-projections-ssp370-5km-r1	LUMI data bridge

Forcing data

Global mean concentrations of greenhouse gases, ozone, and aerosols follow their respective values for each simulated year. For the historical simulation, the standardized CMIP6 forcing that follows observations is used as climatology. The projection uses the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 3-7.0 scenario from the ScenarioMIP as forcing.

The ocean initial state (1990-01-01) is taken from a spun-up ocean model run with climatology forcing as described in Initial conditions and forcing. The atmosphere, solid moisture, snow cover, and soil and surface temperature are derived from the operational analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) without being spun up for the chosen start date and interpolated onto the horizontal grid at a pre-processing step.

For evaluation of these simulations, see ICON Evaluation.